Introduction
Antigens and Epitopes
Major Cells and Key Cell Surface Molecules Involved in Adaptive Immune Responses
MHC Molecules (Know well)
Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs) (Concentrate on summary diagrams)
T4-Lymphocytes (Concentrate on summary diagrams)
T8-Lymphocytes (Concentrate on summary diagrams)
Invarient Natural Killer T-Lymphocytes (iNKT Cells) (OMIT)
B-Lymphocytes (B-Cells) (Concentrate on summary diagrams)
Natural Killer Cells (NK Cells)
The Lymphoid System
An Overview of the Steps Involved in Adaptive Immune Responses (Concentrate on major steps)
Humoral Immunity
Antibodies (Immunoglobulins)
Antibody Structure
The 5 Classes (Isotypes) of Human Antibodies
Generation of Antibody Diversity (OMIT)
Clonal Selection and Clonal Expansion (OMIT)
Anamnestic (Memory) Response
Ways That Antibodies Help to Defend the Body
Opsonization
Cytolysis by the Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)
Antibody-dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC) by NK Cells
Neutralization of Exotoxins
Neutralization of Viruses
Preventing Bacterial Adherence
Agglutination of Microorganisms
Immobilization of Bacteria and Protozoans
Promoting an Inflammatory Response
Naturally and Artificially Acquired Active and Passive Immunity
Nucleic Acid Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2
Cell-Mediated Immunity
Cell-Mediated Immunity: An Overview Ways That Cell-Mediated Immunity Help to Defend the Body
Activating Antigen-Specific Cytotoxic T- Lymphocytes (CTLs)
Activating Macrophages and NK Cells (OMIT)
Stimulating Cells to Secrete Cytokines (OMIT)
Immunodeficiency
Primary Immunodeficiency (Extra Credit question on Final)
Secondary Immunodeficiency (Extra Credit question on Final)
Hypersensitivities
Immediate Hypersensitivities
Type I (Extra Credit question on Final)
Type II (Extra Credit question on Final)
Type III (Extra Credit question on Final)
Type V
Delayed Hypersensitivities (Type IV) (Extra Credit question on Final)
Superantigens (OMIT)
I