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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Answers_flagella, A motile response to an environmental stimulus. types of taxis thermotaxis: a motile response to temperature, Most bacteria with polar flagella can rotate their flagella both clockwise and counterclockwise. direction of rotation If the flagellum is rotating clockwise, it pulls the bacterium backward., Some bacteria with polar flagella can only rotate their flagellum clockwise. direction of rotation Clockwise rotation pushes the bacterium forward. Everytime the bacterium stops, brownian motion and fluid currents cause the bacterium to reorient in a new direction., A motile response to an environmental stimulus. types of taxis chemotaxis: a motile response to chemicals, flagella structure and composition A hook or flexible coupling between the filament and the basal body., Bacteria with peritrichous flagella can rotate their flagella both clockwise and counterclockwise. direction of rotation Counterclockwise rotation leads to long, straight or curved runs without a change in direction., flagella flagellar arrangements amphitrichous: A single flagellum at both ends of the organism., Clockwise rotation results in a tumbling motion and changes the direction of bacterial movement. attractants and repellants When the bacterium is exposed to a chemical gradient of a repellent, it tumbles less frequently (has longer runs) as it moves down the gradient, but tumbles at the normal rate if it travels up the gradient. In this way, the net movement is towards a more optimum environment., flagella flagellar arrangements lophotrichous: Two or more flagella at one or both poles., A motile response to an environmental stimulus. types of taxis phototaxis: a motile response to light, flagella flagellar arrangements monotrichous: A single flagellum, usually at one pole., flagella structure and composition A basal body consisting of a rod and a series of rings that anchor the flagellum to the cell wall and the cytoplasmic membrane., Most bacteria with polar flagella can rotate their flagella both clockwise and counterclockwise. direction of rotation If the flagellum is rotating counterclockwise, it pushes the bacterium forward., Clockwise rotation results in a tumbling motion and changes the direction of bacterial movement. attractants and repellants When the bacterium is exposed to a chemical gradient of an attractant, it tumbles less frequently (has longer runs) as it moves up the gradient, but tumbles at the normal rate if it travels down the gradient. In this way, the net movement is towards a more optimum environment., Counterclockwise rotation leads to long, straight or curved runs without a change in direction. attractants and repellants When the bacterium is exposed to a chemical gradient of a repellent, it tumbles less frequently (has longer runs) as it moves down the gradient, but tumbles at the normal rate if it travels up the gradient. In this way, the net movement is towards a more optimum environment., Organelles of locomotion for most bacteria capable of motility. benefits of motility Motility serves to keep bacteria in an optimum environment via taxis., A motile response to an environmental stimulus. types of taxis aerotaxis: a motile response to oxygen, A rigid, helical structure that extends from the bacterial surface and composed of the protein flagellin. role in body defense Bacterial flagellin functions as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern or PAMP that binds to pattern-recognition receptors or PRRs on a variety of defense cells of the body and triggers innate immune defenses., A rigid, helical structure that extends from the bacterial surface and composed of the protein flagellin. role in body defense Proteins in bacterial flagella act as antigens enabling the body to make antibodies against the flagella during humoral immunity., Motility serves to keep bacteria in an optimum environment via taxis. taxis A motile response to an environmental stimulus.
