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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Answers_Resist_Innate_engulf, Layers of bacterial populations adhering to host cells and embedded in a common capsular mass. description Biofilms are functional, interacting, and growing bacterial communities. Biofilms even contain their own water channels for delivering water and nutrients throughout the biofilm community., resisting antibacterial peptides mechanism The LPS of the gram-negative cell wall binds cationic antibacterial peptides and prevents them from reaching the cytoplasmic membrane., resisting attachment to phagocytes mechanism block complement pathways, Layers of bacterial populations adhering to host cells and embedded in a common capsular mass. benefits to bacteria in the body Many chronic and difficult-to-treat infections are caused by bacteria in biofilms., Many bacteria secrete a polysaccharide matrix to form a biofilm. biofilm Layers of bacterial populations adhering to host cells and embedded in a common capsular mass., resisting phagocytic engulfment method resisting attachment to phagocytes, Layers of bacterial populations adhering to host cells and embedded in a common capsular mass. benefits to bacteria in the body Bacteria in biofilms are more resistant to attack by antibiotics., resisting phagocytic engulfment method resisting ingestion by phagocyte, resisting attachment to phagocytes mechanism produce capsules, no C3b opsonization; termination of the complement pathway examples of bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis Hemophilus influenzae type b, Staphylococcus aureus, block complement pathways mechanisms block C3b production or degrade C3b, Layers of bacterial populations adhering to host cells and embedded in a common capsular mass. benefits to bacteria in the body Biofilms adhere to environmental surfaces and resist flushing, Layers of bacterial populations adhering to host cells and embedded in a common capsular mass. benefits to bacteria in the body Biofilms enable bacteria to resist phagocytosis and attack by the body's complement pathways., block C3b production or degrade C3b result no C3b opsonization; termination of the complement pathway, resisting antibacterial peptides role of antibacterial peptides in body defense Human defensins, found in plasma, tissue fluid, and mucus, are short cationic peptides that are directly toxic to bacteria. They form pores in the cytoplasmic membrane of a variety of microorganisms causing leakage of cellular needs., resisting antibacterial peptides mechanism Capsules help prevent antibacterial peptides from reaching the cytoplasmic membrane of some bacteria, Layers of bacterial populations adhering to host cells and embedded in a common capsular mass. benefits to bacteria in the body Biofilms trap nutrients for bacterial growth and enable bacteria to remain in a favorable environment., produce capsules function of capsule cover PAMPs to block unenhanced attachment, cover PAMPs to block unenhanced attachment examples of bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae type b, depolymerize actin; no phagosome formation example of bacterium Vibrio cholerae
