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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Answers_nutiimm_fever_acutephase, Intraepithelial T-lymphocytes and B-1 Cells ???? Intraepithelial T-lymphocytes (IELs); known as gamma:delta T-lymphocytes, Nutritional Immunity function makes iron unavailable to microorganisms, Nutritional Immunity, Fever, the Acute Phase Response, and Intraepithelial T-Lymphocytes and B-1 Cells ???? Nutritional Immunity, makes iron unavailable to microorganisms mechanisms prior stationing of lactoferrin at common sites of microbial invasion such as in the mucous of mucous membranes, Acute Phase Response initiated by PAMPs binding to PRRs stimulate the production of inflammatory cytokines., C-reactive protein (CRP) functions of CRP functions as an opsonin, sticking the microorganism to phagocytes, PAMPs binding to PRRs stimulate the production of inflammatory cytokines. inflammatory cytokines stimulates hepatocytes in the liver to synthesize and secrete acute phase proteins, makes iron unavailable to microorganisms mechanisms increased synthesis of the human iron-binding proteins (iron chelators) such as lactoferrin, transferrin, ferritin, and hemin that trap iron for use by human cells while making it unavailable to most microbes, PAMPs binding to PRRs stimulate the production of inflammatory cytokines. inflammatory cytokines stimulate the anterior hypothalamus of the brain to produce prostaglandin E2, which leads to an increase bodily heat production and increased vasoconstriction, makes iron unavailable to microorganisms benefit Iron is needed as a cofactor for certain microbial enzyme reactions., Intraepithelial T-lymphocytes (IELs); known as gamma:delta T-lymphocytes functions aid in repair of mucous membranes following inflammatory damage, stimulates hepatocytes in the liver to synthesize and secrete acute phase proteins examples of acute phase proteins C-reactive protein (CRP), Intraepithelial T-lymphocytes (IELs); known as gamma:delta T-lymphocytes functions trigger apoptosis of these stressed or infected cells, PAMPs binding to PRRs stimulate the production of inflammatory cytokines. inflammatory cytokines decreases the loss of heat from the skin and increases body temperature, makes iron unavailable to microorganisms mechanisms decreased intestinal absorption of iron from the diet, Intraepithelial T-lymphocytes (IELs); known as gamma:delta T-lymphocytes locations found in the epidermis of the skin and the mucosal epithelia, B-1 lymphocytes (B-1 cells) locations found mostly in the peritoneal and pleural cavities, Fever benefits increases the environmental temperature above the optimum growth temperature for many microorganisms, Fever benefits elevates the temperature of the body increasing the rate of enzyme reactions, and speeding up metabolism within the body, makes iron unavailable to microorganisms mechanisms decreased ability of bacteria to synthesize their own iron chelators called siderophores
