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- Dendritic Cells, macrophages, and B-lymphocytes are all examples of ________________________________ cells. (2 words)
- A substance that reacts with antibody molecules and antigen receptors on lymphocytes.
- Effector T-lymphocytes that recognize peptide epitopes bound to MHC-I molecules on infected cells and tumor cells and induce apoptosis of those cells.
- Through random gene translocation, any combination of the multiple forms of each gene can join together resulting in thousands of possible gene combinations. This is known as _____________ diversity.
- Lymphocytes capable of anamnestic response.
- An immunity where antigens enter the body and the body responds by actively making its own antibodies and producing memory cells. This immunity is longer lived.
- Effector T-cells that produce cytokines that promote responses against helminths and allergens, promote the production of antibodies that neutralize microbes and toxins, promote the removal of microbes in mucosal tissues.
- responses but some secondary factor or occurrence causes a decrease in immune responses.
- An immunodeficiency one is born with.
- B-lymphocytes or T-lymphocytes that have not yet reacted with an epitope of an antigen.
- The Fc portion of IgG can bind to _______________ for opsonization.
- NKT cells promote both innate and adaptive immunity and may also regulate immune responses by way of the ____________ they produce once activated.
- Specific glycoprotein configurations produced by B-lymphocytes and plasma cells in response to a specific antigen and capable of reacting with that antigen.
- Activated B-lymphocytes differentiate into antibody-secreting effector cells called _______________. (2 words)
- The actual portions or fragments of an antigen that react with free antibodies and B- and T-lymphocyte receptors.
- The movement and joining of genes from different locations along chromosomes to produce a new functional coding unit. (2 words)
- Antibodies made against the epitopes on viral capsids or on viral envelope glycoproteins that function in the attachment of the virus to the host cell receptor prevent viral _________________.
- During gene translocation, specialized enzymes in the B-lymphocyte cause splicing inaccuracies wherein additional nucleotides are added or deleted at the various gene junctions. This is known as _______________ diversity.
- Refers to the antibody molecules IgG, IgE and the complement proteins C3b and C4b attaching antigens to phagocytes.
- A programmed cell suicide induced by caspase enzymes.
- Cells that use MHC-II molecules to present exogenous antigens to effector T4-lymphocytes in order to become activated.
- Proteins that are degraded into peptides and bound to MHC-II molecules are degraded within the cell by _____________.
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- responses but some secondary factor or occurrence causes a decrease in immune responses.populations of B-lymphocytes and T- lymphocytes. These cells gather to detect antigens in ___________ lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes and the spleen.
- A soluble protein toxin usually secreted from a living bacterium.
- Antigens that enter from outside the body and bind to MHC-II molecules.
- Lymphocytes that have encountered an antigen, proliferated, and matured into a form capable of actively carrying out immune defenses.
- Antibody defense where IgG or IgM activate the complement pathway and the membrane attack complex puts holes in biological membranes. (2 words)
- naive cells that recognize peptide epitopes bound to MHC-II molecules of antigen-presenting cells. (hyphenated word)
- An antigen that requires activated B-lymphocytes to interact with effector T4-lymphocytes before antibodies can be made. (hyphenated word)
- The portion of an antibody molecule that fits epitopes of an antigen.
- An adaptive immunity that involves the production of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, activated macrophages, activated NK cells, and cytokines in response to an antigen and is mediated by T-lymphocytes. (2 words)
- The Fc portion of IgE can bind to ______________ in order to kill helminths to which the Fab portion has bound.
- Naive cells that recognize peptide epitopes bound to MHC-I molecules on dendriric cells. (hyphenated word)
- An antigen that is recognized by the body as nonself and stimulates an adaptive immune response.
- _______ molecules presents epitopes to T4-lymphocytes.
- A hypersensitivity where antibodies are made against a particular hormone receptor on a hormone-producing cell. This leads to the overstimulation of those hormone-producing cells.
- Molecules in the granules of CTLs and NK cells that can activate the caspase enzymes that lead to apoptosis of the infected cell.
- A hypersensitivity resulting from cell-mediated immunity (cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and cytokines) causing harm to the body.
- A hypersensitivity resulting from antibodies mistakenly reacting with normal self antigens on body cells. Binding of the antibodies to these normal cells results in immune destruction.
- ____________ kill cells to which antibody molecules have attached through a process called antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC).
- The proliferation of B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes activated by clonal selection in order to produce a clone of identical cells. This enables the body to have sufficient numbers of antigen-specific lymphocytes to mount an effective immune response. (2 words)
- Immunity where antibodies from another person or animal or monoclonal antibodies enter the body. Since the body is not making its own antibodies or producing memory cells but rather is receiving premade antibodies passively, this immunity is short lived.
- A hypersensitivity resulting from large quantities of soluble antigen-antibody complexes passing between endothelial cells of the blood vessels and becoming trapped on the surrounding basement membrane.
- Antigens such as PAMPs that do not require activated B-lymphocytes to interact with effector T4-lymphocytes before antibodies can be made. (hyphenated word)
- ________________ response is a rapid, heightened secondary response against an antigen upon reexposure as a result of circulating B-memory cells, T4-memory cells, and T8-memory cells.
- The Fc portion of IgG and IgM can activate the _______________ complement pathway.
- Antigens that are proteins found within the cytosol of human cells that bind to MHC-I molecules.
- An adaptive immunity that involves the production of antibody molecules in response to an antigen and is mediated by B-lymphocytes.
- The class of antibody found mainly in body secretions.
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