Animations by Gary E. Kaiser, Ph.D.
Professor of Microbiology, The Community College of Baltimore County, Catonsville Campus
These works are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at https://cwoer.ccbcmd.edu/science/microbiology/index_gos.html.

html5 animation showing a bacterium producing an enzyme capable of inactivating an antibiotic.

html5 animation illustrating a bacterium producing an altered ribosomal subunit to which the antibiotic no longer binds.

html5 animation showing a bacterium producing altered porins to block transport of an antibiotic across the outer membrane.

html5 animation showing a bacterium producing an altered carrier protein to block transport of an antibiotic across the cytoplasmic membrane.

html5 animation showing a bacterium producing producing a new efflux pump that is able to pump the antibiotic out of the bacterium.

html5 animation showing competitive antagonism.

html5 animation showing a bacterium overcoming competitive antagonism by producing more of a limited enzyme.

GIF animation showing antisense RNA.

html5 animation illustrating R plasmid conjugation.

Main Menu

Doc Kaiser's Microbiology Home Page
Updated: Nov., 2020