Animations by Gary E. Kaiser, Ph.D.
Professor of Microbiology, The Community College of Baltimore County, Catonsville Campus
These works are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at https://cwoer.ccbcmd.edu/science/microbiology/index_gos.html.

html5 animation illustrating the formation of ATP from ADP and phosphate.

html5 animation illustrating the hydrolysis of ATP to provide energy for cellular work.

html5 animation illustrating substrate-level phosphorylation.

html5 animation illustrating energy release during oxidation-reduction reactions.

html5 animation illustrating the development of proton motive force as a result of chemiosmosis and ATP production by ATPsynthase.

html5 animation illustrating ATP production by chemiosmosis during aerobic respiration.

GIF animation illustrating Glycolysis.

GIF animation showing photons exciting an electron to a higher energy level.

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Updated: July, 2021