MEMBRANE TRANSPORT AND PROKARYOTIC CELL ANATOMY

Animations by Gary E. Kaiser, Ph.D.
Professor of Microbiology, The Community College of Baltimore County, Catonsville Campus
These works are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at https://cwoer.ccbcmd.edu/science/microbiology/index_gos.html.

html5 animation showing passive diffusion of oxygen.

html5 animation showing osmosis in an isotonic environment.

html5 animation showing osmosis in a hypertonic environment.

html5 animation showing osmosis in a hypotonic environment.

html5 animation showing transport by way of an uniporter.

html5 animation showing transport of water across a membrane by channel proteins.

html5 animation showing transport by way of an antiporter.

html5 animation showing transport by way of a symporter.

html5 animation showing an "ABC" transport system.

html5 animation showing group translocation.

html5 animation showing the role of autolysins in the synthesis of peptidoglycan.

html5 animation showing the synthesis of peptidoglycan monomers and the role of bactoprenol in the synthesis of peptidoglycan.

html5 animation showing the role of transglycosylase in the synthesis of peptidoglycan.

html5 animation showing the role of transpeptidase in the synthesis of peptidoglycan.

html5 animation summarizing the synthesis of peptidoglycan.

html5 animation showing how penicillins inhibit the synthesis of peptidoglycan.

html5 animation showing a bacterium using adhesins to adhere to a host cell.

html5 animation showing bacteria secreting invasions into a non-immune host cell in order to enter that cell by phagocytosis.

html5 animation showing phagocytosis by opsonizing antibodies.

html5 animation showing antibodies blocking bacterial adherence to host cell.

html5 animation illustrating transfer of conjugative plasmids and mobilizable plasmids.

html5 animation illustrating transfer of R plasmids coding for mating pair formation and multiple antibiotic resistance.

html5 animation illustrating transposons in a bacterium.

html5 animation summarizing translation in bacteria.

html5 animation illustrating how tetracyclines bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit and block translation.

html5 animation illustrating how macrolides bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit and block translation by blocking peptidyltransferase.

html5 animation illustrating how macrolides bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit and block translation by preventing the transfer of the peptidyl tRNA from the A-site to the P-site.

GIF animation showing endospore formation.

GIF animation showing endospore germination.

html5 animation illustrating the function of endocytic pattern-recognition receptors during phagocytosis

html5 animation illustrating the function of enhanced attachment (opsonization) by way of IgG.

html5 animation summarizing phagocytosis through unenhanced attachment.

html5 animation summarizing phagocytosis through enhanced attachment.

html5 animation illustrating how capsules can block unenhanced attachment of pathogen-associated molecular patterns to endocytic pattern-recognition receptors on phagocytes.

html5 animation showing phagocytosis of an encapsulated bacterium through opsonization.

html5 animation showing a motile bacterium contacting a host cell by swimming through the mucus.

html5 animation showing spirochetes using motility to enter a blood vessel.

html5 animation showing a bacterium using both pili and adhesins to adhere to a host cell.

html5 animation showing a bacterium using type IV pili to drag itself (twitching motility) along a surface..

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Updated: July, 2021