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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Answers_HGT, A transfer of DNA from a living donor bacterium to a living recipient bacterium by cell-to-cell contact. In Gram-negative bacteria it typically involves a conjugation or sex pilus Hfr conjugation Hfr recombination begins when an F+ plasmid with tra genes coding for mating pair formation iintegrates into the nucleoid to form an Hfr bacterium. There is a transfer of some chromosomal DNA, which may be exchanged for a piece of the recipient's DNA through homologous recombination, but not the ability to form a conjugation pilus and mating pairs., specialized transduction description Occasionally during spontaneous induction during the lysogenic life cycle, a small piece of bacterial DNA may sometimes be exchanged for a piece of the bacteriophage genome, which remains in the bacterial nucleoid. This piece of bacterial DNA replicates as a part of the bacteriophage genome and is put into each phage capsid. The bacteriophages are released, adsorb to recipient bacteria, and inject the donor bacterium DNA/phage DNA complex into the recipient bacterium where it inserts into its nucleoid., Horizontal Gene Transfer mechanisms conjugation, transduction types specialized transduction, A process in which an organism transfers genetic material to another organism that is not its offspring. benefit to bacteria Enables bacteria to respond and adapt to their environment rapidly by acquiring large DNA sequences from another bacterium in a single transfer., Horizontal Gene Transfer mechanisms transduction, Horizontal Gene Transfer mechanisms transformation, transformation description A DNA fragment from a dead, degraded bacterium enters a competent recipient bacterium and is exchanged for a piece of DNA of the recipient., A transfer of DNA from a living donor bacterium to a living recipient bacterium by cell-to-cell contact. In Gram-negative bacteria it typically involves a conjugation or sex pilus conjugative plasmid Conjugation genes known as tra genes enable the bacterium to form a mating pair with another organism, while oriT (origin of transfer) genes determine where on the plasmid DNA transfer is initiated., transduction types generalized transduction, generalized transduction description Occasionally a bacteriophage capsid accidently assembles around a small fragment of bacterial DNA. When this bacteriophage infects another bacterium, it injects the fragment of donor bacterial DNA it is carrying into the recipient where it can subsequently be exchanged for a piece of the recipient's DNA by homologous recombination, A transfer of DNA from a living donor bacterium to a living recipient bacterium by cell-to-cell contact. In Gram-negative bacteria it typically involves a conjugation or sex pilus F+ conjugation This results in the transfer of an F+ plasmid possessing tra genes coding only for a conjugation pilus and mating pair formation from a donor bacterium to a recipient bacterium., conjugation description A transfer of DNA from a living donor bacterium to a living recipient bacterium by cell-to-cell contact. In Gram-negative bacteria it typically involves a conjugation or sex pilus, Conjugation genes known as tra genes enable the bacterium to form a mating pair with another organism, while oriT (origin of transfer) genes determine where on the plasmid DNA transfer is initiated. transfer of R-plasmids This is the mechanism by which resistance plasmids R-plasmids) coding for multiple antibiotic resistance and conjugation pilus formation, are transferred from a donor bacterium to a recipient., Horizontal Gene Transfer definition A process in which an organism transfers genetic material to another organism that is not its offspring., A transfer of DNA from a living donor bacterium to a living recipient bacterium by cell-to-cell contact. In Gram-negative bacteria it typically involves a conjugation or sex pilus conjugative transposon Conjugative transposons carry the genes that enable mating pairs to form for conjugation. Therefore, conjugative transposons also enable mobilizable plasmids and nonconjugative transposons to be transferred to a recipient bacterium during conjugation., A transfer of DNA from a living donor bacterium to a living recipient bacterium by cell-to-cell contact. In Gram-negative bacteria it typically involves a conjugation or sex pilus mobilizable plasmids Plasmids that lack the tra genes for self-transmissibility but possess the oriT genes for initiation of DNA transfer. They can be transferred by conjugation if the bacterium containing them also possesses a conjugative plasmid. The tra genes of the conjugative plasmid enable a mating pair to form and the oriT genes of the mobilizable plasmid enable the DNA to moves through the conjugative bridge
