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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Answers_Resist_Innate_engulf, resisting antibacterial peptides mechanism The LPS of the gram-negative cell wall binds cationic antibacterial peptides and prevents them from reaching the cytoplasmic membrane., Layers of bacterial populations adhering to host cells and embedded in a common capsular mass. description Biofilms are functional, interacting, and growing bacterial communities. Biofilms even contain their own water channels for delivering water and nutrients throughout the biofilm community., Layers of bacterial populations adhering to host cells and embedded in a common capsular mass. benefits to bacteria in the body Many chronic and difficult-to-treat infections are caused by bacteria in biofilms., resisting attachment to phagocytes mechanism block complement pathways, Layers of bacterial populations adhering to host cells and embedded in a common capsular mass. benefits to bacteria in the body Bacteria in biofilms are more resistant to attack by antibiotics., resisting phagocytic engulfment method resisting attachment to phagocytes, resisting attachment to phagocytes mechanism Many bacteria secrete a polysaccharide matrix to form a biofilm., block complement pathways mechanisms block C3b production or degrade C3b, no C3b opsonization; termination of the complement pathway examples of bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis Hemophilus influenzae type b, Staphylococcus aureus, resisting attachment to phagocytes mechanism produce capsules, resisting phagocytic engulfment method resisting ingestion by phagocyte, resisting antibacterial peptides mechanism Capsules help prevent antibacterial peptides from reaching the cytoplasmic membrane of some bacteria, resisting antibacterial peptides role of antibacterial peptides in body defense Human defensins, found in plasma, tissue fluid, and mucus, are short cationic peptides that are directly toxic to bacteria. They form pores in the cytoplasmic membrane of a variety of microorganisms causing leakage of cellular needs., block C3b production or degrade C3b result no C3b opsonization; termination of the complement pathway, Layers of bacterial populations adhering to host cells and embedded in a common capsular mass. benefits to bacteria in the body Biofilms enable bacteria to resist phagocytosis and attack by the body's complement pathways., Layers of bacterial populations adhering to host cells and embedded in a common capsular mass. benefits to bacteria in the body Biofilms adhere to environmental surfaces and resist flushing, produce capsules function of capsule cover PAMPs to block unenhanced attachment, Layers of bacterial populations adhering to host cells and embedded in a common capsular mass. benefits to bacteria in the body Biofilms trap nutrients for bacterial growth and enable bacteria to remain in a favorable environment., depolymerize actin; no phagosome formation example of bacterium Vibrio cholerae, cover PAMPs to block unenhanced attachment examples of bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae type b
