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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Answers_HIV _Life_Cycle, Production of a provirus and viral movement to the site of replication within the host cell first The single-stranded RNA genomes within the capsid of the virus are released into the cytoplasm., The HIV enzyme reverse transcriptase is used to make a single-stranded DNA copy of the RNA genome. DNA-dependent DNA polymerase Copies the (-) cDNA strand into a (+) DNA to form a double-stranded DNA intermediate, Copies the (-) cDNA strand into a (+) DNA to form a double-stranded DNA intermediate integrase Enters the host cell's nucleus and uses the enzyme integrase to insert into one of the host cell's chromosomes to become a provirus, Gag-Pol polyproteins (p160) prior to maturation Copies of these polyproteins enter the forming bud on the host cell's cytoplasmic membrane., gp41 and gp120 assemble and become inserted into the cytoplasmic membrane of the host cell. steps 5&6 Viral maturation and release from the host cell. The various HIV proteins assemble around the genome to form the nucleocapsid. Viruses obtaining their envelope by budding from the host cell's cytoplasmic membrane., Life cycle of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) step-1 Adsorption: Attachment sites on the viral envelope bind or adsorb to receptor sites on the host cell's cytoplasmic membrane., Enters the host cell's nucleus and uses the enzyme integrase to insert into one of the host cell's chromosomes to become a provirus step-4 Replication, The HIV enzyme reverse transcriptase is used to make a single-stranded DNA copy of the RNA genome. ribonuclease The original RNA genome is degraded as the cDNA is synthesized., Env polyprotein (gp160) protease Cleaved to become HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41, Molecules of (+) mRNA are transcribed off of the (-) proviral DNA strand. Once synthesized, HIV mRNA goes through the nuclear pores to the host cell's ribosomes where it is translated into HIV polyproteins and and regulatory proteins. translation Gag-Pol polyproteins (p160), Adsorption: Attachment sites on the viral envelope bind or adsorb to receptor sites on the host cell's cytoplasmic membrane. T-tropic HIV T-tropic adsorb to the CD4 molecules and the CXCR4 chemokine receptors found primarily on mature dendritic cells and T4-lymphocytes., Copies of these polyproteins enter the forming bud on the host cell's cytoplasmic membrane. protease Cleaved to become HIV matrix proteins (MA; p17), capsid proteins (CA; p24), protease (PR; p10), reverse transcriptase molecules (RT; p66/p51), and integrase molecules (IN; p32), Molecules of (+) mRNA are transcribed off of the (-) proviral DNA strand. Once synthesized, HIV mRNA goes through the nuclear pores to the host cell's ribosomes where it is translated into HIV polyproteins and and regulatory proteins. translation regulatory proteins, gp41 and gp120 assemble and become inserted into the cytoplasmic membrane of the host cell. steps 5&6 Two copies of these single-stranded genomic RNA molecules enter each forming bud on the host cell's cytoplasmic membrane., gp41 and gp120 assemble and become inserted into the cytoplasmic membrane of the host cell. steps 5&6 Cleaved to become HIV matrix proteins (MA; p17), capsid proteins (CA; p24), protease (PR; p10), reverse transcriptase molecules (RT; p66/p51), and integrase molecules (IN; p32), Cleaved to become HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41 Golgi apparatus gp41 and gp120 assemble and become inserted into the cytoplasmic membrane of the host cell., gp41 and gp120 assemble and become inserted into the cytoplasmic membrane of the host cell. steps 5&6 Cleaved to become HIV matrix proteins (MA; p17), capsid proteins (CA; p24), and nucleocapsid proteins (NC, p7), regulatory proteins function Regulate viral replication., Copies of these polyproteins enter the forming bud on the host cell's cytoplasmic membrane. protease Cleaved to become HIV matrix proteins (MA; p17), capsid proteins (CA; p24), and nucleocapsid proteins (NC, p7), Viral entry or penetration: The nucleocapsid enters the cytoplasm of the host cell. step-3 Production of a provirus and viral movement to the site of replication within the host cell
