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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: answers_NK and iNKT cells, The cell has low levels of stress molecules and high levels of MHC-I molecules. final result The killer-inhibitory receptors on the NK cell recognize the MHC-I/peptide complexes and send a negative signal that overrides the original kill signal and prevents the NK cell from killing the cell to which it has bound., Able to recognize and kill infected cells, cancer cells, and stressed cells. mechanisms used by NK cells to bind to and kill target cells antibody-dependant cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) (Discussed in Unit 6), invarient natural killer T-lymphocytes (iNKT Cells) development of normal iNKT cell responses Microbes the human body has been traditionally exposed to from early childhood throughout most of human history might play a role in developing normal iNKT cell numbers and iNKT cell responses., Without the signal from the killer-inhibitory receptor the kill signal from the killer-activating signal is not overridden and the NK cell kills the cell to which it has bound by inducing apoptosis. apoptosis NK cells bind to the IgG after it has bound to foreign antigens on infected cells and tumor cells and induce apoptosis., Recognizes MHC-I molecules that are usually present on all nucleated human cells. MHC-I molecules MHC-I/peptide complexs on infected and tumor cells bind to receptors on cytotoxic T-lymphocytes or CTLs. If the MHC-I molecules have peptides from the body's own proteins bound to them, CTLs do not recognize those cells as foreign and the cell is not killed. If, on the other hand, the MHC-I molecules have peptides from viral, bacterial, or mutant proteins bound to them, CTLs recognize that cell as foreign and kill that cell., Granzymes pass through the pores and activate the caspase enzymes that lead to apoptosis of the infected cell. caspase enzymes Destroy the structural cytoskeleton proteins and cellular DNA., Able to recognize and kill infected cells, cancer cells, and stressed cells. mechanisms used by NK cells to bind to and kill target cells duel receptor system: the killer-activating receptor and the killer-inhibitory receptor, Various stress-induced molecules are produced and are put on the surface of that cell. killer-inhibitory receptor Recognizes MHC-I molecules that are usually present on all nucleated human cells., invarient natural killer T-lymphocytes (iNKT Cells) activation of iNKT cell Glycolipid antigens bind to TCRs on the iNKT cell., duel receptor system: the killer-activating receptor and the killer-inhibitory receptor mechanism Various stress-induced molecules are produced and are put on the surface of that cell., Rapidly produce large quantities of cytokines, including interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-13 (IL-13), and chemokines. functions of cytokines Promote and suppress different innate and adaptive immune responses., Without the signal from the killer-inhibitory receptor the kill signal from the killer-activating signal is not overridden and the NK cell kills the cell to which it has bound by inducing apoptosis. apoptosis The NK cell releases pore-forming proteins called perforins and proteolytic enzymes called granzymes., invarient natural killer T-lymphocytes (iNKT Cells) activation of iNKT cell Also activated by the cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) produced by activated macrophages., IgG antibody molecules bind to foreign antigens on the surface of the cell. then NK cells bind to the IgG after it has bound to foreign antigens on infected cells and tumor cells and induce apoptosis., Recognizes MHC-I molecules that are usually present on all nucleated human cells. scenario The cell has low levels of stress molecules and high levels of MHC-I molecules., The NK cell releases pore-forming proteins called perforins and proteolytic enzymes called granzymes. granzymes Granzymes pass through the pores and activate the caspase enzymes that lead to apoptosis of the infected cell., Rapidly produce large quantities of cytokines, including interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-13 (IL-13), and chemokines. functions of cytokines Essential in both innate and adaptive immune protection against pathogens and tumors., Various stress-induced molecules are produced and are put on the surface of that cell. killer-activating receptor Bind to these stress-induced molecules; sends a positive signal that enables the NK cell to kill the cell to which it has bound unless the second receptor cancels that signal., Also activated by the cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) produced by activated macrophages. results of activation Glycolipid antigens bind to TCRs on the iNKT cell., natural killer (NK) cells functions Produce a variety of cytokines, including proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, colony-stimulating factors, and other cytokines that function as regulators of body defenses.
