In the assembly of peptidoglycan monomers, a peptide is first attached to N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM). The NAM-peptide complex then attaches to a phosphorylated bactoprenol (C55) molecule located in the cytoplasmic membrane. N-acetylglucosamine then bonds to the NAM and these peptidoglycan monomers of NAG-NAM-peptide are transported across the cytoplasmic membrane by the bactoprenol.