Learning Objectives for "Prokaryotic Cell Anatomy: The Gram-Negative Cell Wall"
After completing this section you should be able to perform the following objectives.
1. State what color Gram-negative bacteria stain after the Gram stain procedure.
2**. Describe the composition of a Gram-negative cell wall and indicate the possible beneficial functions to the bacterium of peptidoglycan, the outer membrane, lipopolysaccharides, porins, and surface proteins.
3*. Briefly describe how LPS and other PAMPs of the Gram-negative cell wall can promote inflammation.
4*. State the function of bacterial adhesins, secretion systems, and invasins.
5. Define periplasm.
6*. Compare and contrast innate immunity and adaptive immunity.
7*. Define antigen and epitope.
8*. Define humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity.
9*. Briefly describe how opsonizing antibodies can promote phagocytosis and how antibodies made against cell wall adhesins can block colonization.
(*) = Common theme throughout the course
(**) = More depth and common theme
Highlighted Bacterium
1. Read the description of Escherichia coli, and match the bacterium with the description of the organism and the infection it causes.
Highlighted Disease: Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
1. Define the following:
a. urethritis
b. cystitis
c. pyelonephritis2. Name at least 4 risk factors for UTIs.
3. Name the most common bacterium to cause UTIs; name at least 3 other bacteria that commonly cause UTIs.
4. Name at least 3 common symptoms of UTIs.
Gary E. Kaiser, Ph.D.
Professor of Microbiology
The Community College of Baltimore County, Catonsville Campus
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work The Grapes of Staph at https://cwoer.ccbcmd.edu/science/microbiology/index_gos.html.
Last updated: August, 2018
Please send comments and inquiries to Dr.
Gary Kaiser