Objectives for Bacterial Pathogenesis: Factors that Damage the Host - Triggering the Secretion of Inflammatory Cytokines: Gram-negative Cell Wall Components

Learning Objectives for "Bacterial Pathogenesis: Factors that Damage the Host"
a. Produce Cell Wall Components (PAMPs) that Bind to Host Cells causing them to Synthesize and Secrete Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines: Components of the Gram-Negative Cell Wall (LPS)

After completing this section you should be able to perform the following objectives.

1. State what is meant by endotoxin and indicate where it is normally found.

2.**Looking at the overall mechanism behind Gram-negative bacterium-induced septic shock, answer the following:

1. Describe how Gram-negative PAMPS initiate SIRS.

2. Define hypotension and describe the biological mechanism behind 2 factors that contribute to hypotension.

3. Define hypovolemia and describe the biological mechanism behind 3 factors that contribute to hypovolemia.

4. Define hypoperfusion and describe the biological mechanism behind 3 factors that contribute to hypoperfusion.

5. Describe the biological mechanism behind ARDS and how ARDS contributes to hypoperfusion.

6. Describe the sequence of events that enables hypoperfusion to lead to irreversible cell damage.

3. Define nosocomial infection and name 3 common gram-negative bacteria that cause nosocomial infections.

Highlighted Bacterium

1. Read the description of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and match the bacterium with the description of the organism and the infection it causes.

Highlighted Infection: Septicemia and Septic Shock

1. Read the description of septicemia and septic shock and be able to match the disease with its description.

2. State 3 factors that contribute to the increasing incidence of sepsis.

3. Name 3 common gram-positive bacteria and 3 common gram-negative bacteria that cause septicemia and septic shock.

Think-Pair-Share Questions

1. Describe the mechanism by which gram-negative bacteria initiate the inflammatory response and activate the coagulation pathway and the complement pathway.

2. State how this can be both beneficial and harmful to the body.

(*) or (**) = possible discussion question

RETURN TO "BACTERIAL PATHOGENESIS: FACTORS THAT DAMAGE THE HOST - PRODUCE CELL WALL COMPONENTS THAT BIND TO HOST CELLS CAUSING THEM TO SYNTHESIZE AND SECRETE INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND CEMOKINES: GRAM-NEGATIVE CELL WALL COMPONENTS (LPS)"