THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM

V. HYPERSENSITIVITY

B. Immediate Hypersensitivity

4. Type V (Stimulatory Hypersensitivity)

Fundamental Statements for this Learning Object:

1. During type V (stimulatory hypersensitivity) antibodies are made against a particular hormone receptor of a hormone-producing cell leading to the overstimulation of those hormone-producing cells.
2.  An example is Graves' disease where antibodies are made against thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors of thyroid cells.

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES FOR THIS SECTION

When the immune systems cause harm to the body, it is referred to as a hypersensitivity (def). There are two categories of adaptive hypersensitivities: immediate hypersensitivity and delayed hypersensitivity. Immediate hypersensitivities (def) refer to humoral immunity (antigen/antibody reactions) causing harm; delayed hypersensitivities (def) refer to cell-mediated immunity (cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. macrophages, and cytokines) leading to harm.

There are 3 types of immediate hypersensitivities that depend on the interaction of antigens (def) with antibodies (def): Type I, Type II, Type III, and Type V. In this section we will look at Type V immediate hypersensitivity.

4. Type V (Stimulatory Hypersensitivity)

Mechanism: Antibodies are made against a particular hormone receptor on a hormone-producing cell. This leads to the overstimulation of those hormone-producing cells.

• An example is Graves' disease where antibodies are made against thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors of thyroid cells. The binding of the antibodies to the TSH receptors results in constant stimulation of the thyroid leading to hyperthyroidism.

 

Concept Map for Hypersensitivities

 

• QUIZ YOURSELF ON THIS SECTION

Gary E. Kaiser, Ph.D.
Professor of Microbiology
The Community College of Baltimore County, Catonsville Campus
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work The Grapes of Staph at https://cwoer.ccbcmd.edu/science/microbiology/index_gos.html.